How did the Industrial Revolution lay the groundwork for the modern economy?

The option that establishes how the Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork for the modern economy focuses on the establishment of industrial capitalism, technological innovation, and mass production practices. During the Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, there was a significant shift from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, leading to the development of factories and mass production methods.

Industrial capitalism emerged as entrepreneurs sought to maximize profits through the efficient production of goods. The introduction of machinery and technological innovations allowed for faster production rates and the ability to produce goods on a larger scale than ever before. This shift not only increased productivity but also reduced costs, ultimately bringing more goods to the market and making them accessible to a broader population.

The practices of mass production and assembly lines created efficiencies and standardized products, which are foundational principles in today's economies. This transformation resulted in urbanization as people moved to cities for work in factories, the growth of a consumer economy, and the rise of new economic and social classes.

The other options do not accurately reflect the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution. Eliminating all forms of labor contradicts the reality that labor became more structured and integral to industrial operations. Focusing solely on agriculture and rural living overlooks the significant changes that industrialization introduced. Prom