What does "scientific management" refer to during the Industrial Revolution?

"Scientific management" refers to a systematic study of workflows aimed at enhancing efficiency, which aligns with the principles established by pioneering figures such as Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This management theory emphasized the use of scientific methods to analyze and optimize work processes. By breaking down tasks into smaller, more manageable components and standardizing procedures, employers could increase productivity and reduce waste, ultimately leading to greater profitability.

The focus on measured efficiency and standardized tasks marked a significant departure from previous management practices that were often based more on tradition or intuition rather than systematic analysis. This approach not only sought to improve the productivity of workers but also aimed to establish a more rational organization of labor. By concentrating on workflows and efficiency, scientific management laid the groundwork for many modern management practices that prioritize operational effectiveness.