What factors contributed to the spread of the Industrial Revolution to other countries?

The spread of the Industrial Revolution to other countries was significantly driven by technology transfer, investment in new industries, and the influence of capitalist ideologies. As industrialization began in Great Britain, innovations such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, and power loom were developed, which spurred growth in manufacturing and productivity. These technological advancements did not remain confined to Britain; they were shared and adapted by other nations.

Investment played a crucial role as well. Wealthy investors and entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on these new technologies, leading to the establishment of factories and the development of infrastructure like railways and ports in other regions. This investment created an environment conducive to industrial growth, allowing countries to harness the benefits of the Industrial Revolution.

Moreover, the spread of capitalist ideologies encouraged nations to adopt similar economic practices, promoting competition, innovation, and the pursuit of profit. This ideological framework fostered an environment where industrial growth could thrive, leading to the rapid adoption of industrial methods and practices across various nations.

In contrast, reductions in population or labor forces would hinder growth rather than contribute to it. While increased agricultural productivity and land reforms did support the Industrial Revolution indirectly by freeing up labor or providing surplus food, they weren't the primary factors in the spread of industrialization.