What is the belief that businesses and factors of production should be owned by society as a whole called?

The belief that businesses and factors of production should be owned by society as a whole is referred to as socialism. This economic and political system asserts that the means of production, such as factories and resources, should be collectively owned or regulated by the community, rather than by individual private owners. The goal of socialism is to promote economic equality and ensure that the benefits of production are distributed more equitably across society.

In contrast, capitalism emphasizes private ownership of business and the means of production, driven by the free market and competition. Fascism typically combines authoritarianism and nationalism, often with state control over certain aspects of the economy but not communal ownership in the socialist sense. Liberalism focuses on individual rights, free markets, and limited government involvement, which also does not align with the concept of collective ownership central to socialism.