What political movements arose during the Industrial Revolution to address workers' rights?

During the Industrial Revolution, the rise of industry and urbanization profoundly altered the social and economic landscape, leading to significant challenges for workers. Trade unions and labor movements emerged as a collective response to the exploitation and harsh working conditions faced by factory workers. These organizations were formed to advocate for workers' rights, including fair wages, reasonable working hours, and safer working conditions.

Trade unions mobilized workers to collectively bargain with employers, which allowed them to leverage their numbers to negotiate better terms of employment. They played a crucial role in raising awareness about labor issues and were instrumental in the development of various labor laws and reforms over time. This movement was part of a broader trend aimed at improving the living and working conditions of the working class during a period marked by rapid industrialization.

The other options do not align with the labor-focused political movements that were significant during this period. Political parties advocating for monarchy typically aimed to maintain traditional power structures rather than address the needs of the working class. Religious groups promoting charity were often focused more on providing aid rather than enacting systemic change in labor conditions. Aristocrats supporting wage reductions would be contrary to advocating for workers' rights, as this would further contribute to the exploitation of labor rather than improving conditions for workers.