What role did coal play in the Industrial Revolution?

Coal played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution as it was a primary energy source for steam engines. The invention and widespread use of steam engines, especially in transportation and manufacturing, were groundbreaking developments during this period. These engines relied heavily on coal as a fuel source, allowing for increased efficiency and pace in production and transportation of goods.

As factories and industries expanded, the demand for coal surged, leading to the establishment of coal mining as a booming industry in its own right. This energy source facilitated the mechanization of various processes, leading to greater productivity and the growth of cities as industrial centers. The reliance on coal also contributed to significant changes in social structures, labor practices, and economic models during the Industrial Revolution, marking a transformative era in human history.

In contrast, the other roles suggested in the choices do not align with the significant impact coal had on industrial progress. While coal can indeed be used for cooking or even less prominent applications, its most transformative and impactful use was in powering machinery and driving the steam engines that became the backbone of industrial operations.