What were some negative social impacts of rapid industrialization?

During the rapid industrialization of the 18th and 19th centuries, many negative social impacts emerged that fundamentally altered the fabric of society. The correct choice highlights the increased pollution, poverty, and exploitation of child labor, all of which were significant challenges arising from this period of unprecedented economic change.

As factories and industries expanded, they often did so without regulation, leading to severe environmental degradation. The rise of manufacturing meant that more fossil fuels were burned, resulting in increased air and water pollution. Cities swelled with people moving from rural areas seeking jobs, but the infrastructure struggled to keep pace, contributing to overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions which fostered poverty.

Additionally, the demand for cheap labor led to the widespread employment of children in factories. These children were often subjected to long hours of work in hazardous conditions for meager wages, highlighting the social injustices inherent in rapid industrialization. The exploitation of children became a critical issue, prompting later reforms and legislative changes.

The other options point to positive effects or improvements that were not universally experienced during this time. While some individuals and communities did see enhanced living standards and job security, these benefits were not experienced equally and often came at the cost of those disadvantaged by the new industrial economy. Consequently