Which of the following best describes the term 'Urbanization'?

Urbanization is best described as the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers. This process typically occurs as individuals and families seek better employment opportunities, access to services, and improved living conditions that cities often provide compared to rural locations. During the Industrial Revolution, this phenomenon became particularly pronounced as factories and industries emerged, drawing workers into cities for jobs and economic advancement.

This concept reflects broader social and demographic changes that accompany the growth of cities, including shifts in lifestyles, the development of infrastructure, and transformations in cultural norms and societal structures. The increased concentration of populations in urban areas also facilitates the development of new technologies, innovations, and social interactions that are characteristic of urban life.

The other options do not capture the essence of urbanization as accurately. While a decrease in population density in rural areas may occur as a byproduct of urbanization, it does not define the process itself. Similarly, construction of suburban housing and the growth of industrial parks in rural locations pertain to specific developments that can happen concurrently with urbanization but do not exemplify the movement itself.