Which of the following concepts is most closely associated with Karl Marx?

The concept most closely associated with Karl Marx is communism. Marx’s theories fundamentally focused on the critique of capitalism and the vision of a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively. He argued that the capitalist system, characterized by private ownership and profit motives, leads to class struggles between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class).

Marx proposed that this struggle would ultimately lead to a revolution, resulting in the establishment of a communist society where goods and services are distributed according to need rather than profit, and where class distinctions are eliminated. This vision laid the groundwork for future socialist movements and has had a significant impact on global political ideologies.

In contrast, the other concepts mentioned—mercantilism, Keynesian economics, and supply-side economics—are distinct economic theories that do not align with Marx's foundational ideas. Mercantilism focuses on national economic policies that emphasize trade and accumulation of wealth, Keynesian economics is centered around government intervention to manage economic cycles, and supply-side economics advocates for lower taxes and deregulation to stimulate economic growth. These theories do not address the class struggle and collective ownership that are central to Marx's concept of communism.