Who was the British factory owner known for improving working and living conditions for his employees?

The correct answer is Robert Owen, who was a pioneering figure in advocating for better working and living conditions for factory workers during the Industrial Revolution. Owen believed in the concept of creating "cooperative societies" and was profoundly influenced by his experiences observing the poor conditions in textile mills. He implemented various reforms at his own mills in New Lanark, Scotland, where he promoted practices such as shorter working hours, better wages, a focus on education for children, and improved housing for his workers.

Owen’s approach was revolutionary because he argued that the environment in which people lived and worked directly influenced their behavior and productivity. By improving their conditions, he aimed to create a more humane and productive workforce. His ideas went on to inspire the later development of the labor movement and the establishment of cooperative businesses. Thus, Robert Owen is recognized not only for his contributions to industrial practices but also for advocating social responsibility among business owners during a time when conditions for workers were often exploitative and hazardous.